Grade 8 - Science

SECTION - 1 Academic

Physics

1. The Universe: Study of the cosmos, including its origins, structure, and the fundamental forces governing it.
2. Light: The behaviour and properties of light, including reflection, refraction, and the speed of light.
3. Lenses: Optical devices that bend light to form images, including convex (converging) and concave (diverging) lenses.
4. Optical Instruments: Devices that use lenses or mirrors to view or magnify objects (e.g., microscopes, telescopes, cameras).
5. Heat: The transfer of thermal energy between objects due to temperature differences and its effects on matter.
6. Kinetic Theory of Matter: The theory that describes matter as being composed of tiny particles in constant motion, which explains properties like temperature and pressure.
7. Force and Pressure: Force is a push or pull on an object, while pressure is force applied per unit area (e.g., atmospheric pressure, hydraulic systems).
8. Energy: The capacity to do work or produce change, including various forms like kinetic, potential, thermal, and electrical energy.
9. Electricity: The flow of electric charge through a conductor, including concepts like current, voltage, resistance, and circuits.
10. Magnetism: The force exerted by magnets and magnetic fields, including the behaviour of magnetic materials and interactions between magnetic fields.
11. Friction: The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another, affecting motion and energy dissipation.
12. Sound: A type of wave that travels through a medium (air, water, etc.) and is perceived as sound by the ear, involving properties like pitch, volume, and speed.
13. Pollution of Air and Water: The contamination of air and water by harmful substances, leading to environmental and health issues.

Chemistry

1. Structure of Atom: The arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom, and how it determines chemical properties.
2. Hydrogen: The simplest and most abundant element, used in various applications including fuel cells and chemical reactions.
3. Transformation of Substances: Chemical reactions that change substances into different substances with new properties (e.g., combustion, synthesis).
4. Carbon and Its Compounds: Study of carbon, its bonding properties, and various compounds like hydrocarbons and organic molecules.
5. Metals and Non-Metals: Classification of elements based on properties, with metals generally being malleable and conductive, and nonmetals being brittle and insulative.
6. Coal and Petroleum: Fossil fuels derived from ancient organic matter, used primarily for energy production and industrial processes.
7. Combustion and Flame: The chemical process of burning involving oxygen, producing heat and light, and the different types of flames (e.g., luminous, non-luminous).

Biology

1. Blood: The Circulatory Fluid in Our Body: Blood’s role in transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body via the circulatory system.
2. Transport in Plants: Absorption, Conduction, and Rise of SAP: The processes by which plants absorb water and nutrients, conduct them through vascular tissues, and transport sap.
3. Reproduction in Plants: Methods of plant reproduction including pollination, fertilisation, and seed formation.
4. Seed Structure and Germination: The anatomy of seeds and the process by which seeds sprout and grow into new plants.
5. Reproduction in Animals: Various reproductive strategies and processes in animals, including sexual and asexual reproduction.
6. Endocrine System: Hormones: The network of glands that produce hormones, which regulate various bodily functions like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
7. Pollution and Conservation: Issues related to environmental pollution and efforts to conserve natural resources and protect ecosystems.
8. Food Production and Management: Processes involved in growing, harvesting, processing, and managing food resources efficiently and sustainably.
9. Synthetic Fibres and Plastics: Man-made materials used in various products, including their properties, production methods, and environmental impact.

SECTION-2 Olympiad

Logical Reasoning

1. Logical Order of Words: Arranging words in a logical sequence to form coherent sentences or phrases.
2. Syllogism: A form of reasoning where conclusions are drawn from two or more premises that are assumed to be true.
3. Analogy: Identifying relationships between pairs of words or objects and finding similar relationships in other pairs.
4. Blood Relation Test: Determining familial relationships based on given information about family members.
5. Series Completion: Identifying and completing sequences or patterns in a series of numbers, letters, or shapes.
6. Data Sufficiency: Assessing whether given data is enough to answer a specific question or solve a problem.
7. Arithmetic Reasoning: Solving problems using arithmetic operations and logical reasoning.
8. Verification of Truth: Assessing the validity of statements or arguments based on given information or logical principles.
9. Classification: Grouping items or concepts based on shared characteristics or categories.
10. Character Puzzles: Solving puzzles involving characters or symbols to find hidden patterns or meanings.
11. Seating Arrangement: Determining the arrangement of people or objects based on given constraints or conditions.
12. Cube and Cuboid: Solving problems related to the properties, dimensions, and volume of cubes and cuboids.
13. Logical Venn Diagrams: Using Venn diagrams to represent and analyse relationships between different sets.
14. Dice: Problems involving the rolling of dice and calculating probabilities of outcomes based on dice configurations.
15. Direction Sense Test: Understanding and interpreting directions to determine positions or navigate a route.
16. Coding Decoding: Translating or deciphering coded messages using specific rules or patterns.
17. Word Formation: Creating new words or understanding word structures from given letters or combinations.
18. Eligibility Test: Assessing whether certain conditions or qualifications are met based on provided criteria.
19. Number, Ranking, and Time Sequence Test: Solving problems involving numerical sequences, ranking orders, and time-based scenarios.
20. Matrix Coding: Encoding or decoding information using matrices or grid-based systems.

Non-Verbal Reasoning

1. Completion of Series: Identifying the missing element in a series of shapes or figures.
2. Analogy - Non-Verbal: Finding relationships between non-verbal shapes or patterns and applying the same relationship to other shapes.
3. Counting of Figures: Determining the number of specific shapes or figures within a larger pattern or diagram.
4. Mirror Images: Identifying how objects or patterns would appear if reflected in a mirror.
5. Water Images: Determining how objects or patterns would look if reflected in water.
6. Embedded Figures: Finding shapes or figures embedded within a larger image or pattern.
7. Completion of Figures: Filling in missing parts of a figure to complete a given shape or pattern.
8. Figure Matrix: Solving problems involving matrices of figures to identify patterns or sequences.
9. Paper Folding: Visualising and understanding shapes created by folding paper in various ways.
10. Classification: Grouping figures based on their shapes, sizes, or other attributes.
11. Grouping of Figures: Categorising figures into groups based on similarities or patterns.
12. Paper Cutting: Understanding shapes formed by cutting paper and solving related problems.
13. Dot Situation: Analysing and interpreting patterns or arrangements of dots to solve problems.
14. Formation of Figures: Constructing figures from given components or pieces.
15. Square Completion: Completing or constructing square shapes from given partial information.